Common Causes of Upset Stomach in Babies (and How to Help)
As babies' digestive systems adapt to feeding and, later, new foods, occasional stomach discomfort is common. This guide walks through five common causes and practical ways to help — along with when it's time to check in with your pediatrician.
Allergies and Sensitivities
Food allergies or sensitivities can cause irritability around mealtimes. Signs to watch for include skin rashes, hives, facial or lip swelling, difficulty breathing, or vomiting. If you notice these signs, contact your pediatrician promptly — allergy symptoms should always be evaluated by a professional rather than managed at home.
Breast Milk Sensitivities
Some babies react to specific foods in a breastfeeding parent's diet — dairy, spicy foods, and caffeine are commonly mentioned culprits. If your baby seems fussy or gassy after feeds, tracking your diet alongside your baby's symptoms can help identify a pattern. Any significant dietary changes are worth discussing with your doctor or a lactation consultant.
Constipation
Infrequent or difficult bowel movements can cause real discomfort and affect sleep and mood. Keeping your baby well hydrated (appropriate to their age and feeding method) and talking to your pediatrician about persistent constipation are the most reliable next steps — avoid home remedies not cleared by your doctor.
Gas
Trapped gas is often caused by swallowing air during feeding or incomplete burping. Gentle bicycle-leg movements, back rubs, extra burping breaks during feeds, and a warm bath can help relax your baby and ease discomfort.
Diarrhea
Loose, watery stools can be uncomfortable and, in babies, carry a real risk of dehydration. Contact your pediatrician if diarrhea persists, as they may recommend an appropriate electrolyte solution or other guidance specific to your baby's situation — don't manage significant diarrhea without medical input.
When to Call Your Pediatrician
- Signs of an allergic reaction (rash, swelling, breathing difficulty)
- Diarrhea or vomiting that persists more than a day, or shows signs of dehydration
- Blood in stool
- Persistent crying that doesn't respond to usual soothing
- Fever alongside digestive symptoms
Frequently Asked Questions
Should I switch formulas if my baby has an upset stomach?
Talk to your pediatrician before switching — occasional gas or fussiness is common and doesn't always mean the formula is the issue. If a switch is recommended, our formula transition guide covers how to do it gradually.
Can goat milk formula help with sensitive stomachs?
Some parents consider goat milk formula, like Kabrita, when looking for an alternative to cow's milk formula, though individual tolerance varies. Ask your pediatrician whether it's appropriate for your baby.
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Conclusion
Occasional stomach discomfort is a normal part of infancy, and most causes respond to simple, practical steps. Keep an eye on more serious warning signs, and don't hesitate to reach out to your pediatrician when something doesn't feel routine.
